EDR-8201 v8

Chadwick, A. (2017). Population/sample. In The SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods. SAGE. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411
This source discusses the difference between the population and sample.
Note 4/10/24: If the Link URL does not work try to open this book link https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-communication-research-methods

Look for the Institution login on the top right. Click on that and search for National University.

Coleman, J. S. (2018). Hypothesis testing. In B. B. Frey (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (pp. 803-804). SAGE.
Hypothesis testing is the main method used in statistics to examine statistical inference. The researcher sets a hypothesis (supposition) about a population parameter. In statistics, the hypothesis that is always tested is the null hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is an ‘alternate’ explanation other than the one currently accepted at large (the null hypothesis).

Coleman, J. S. (2018). Levels of measurement. In B. B. Frey (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (pp. 969). SAGE.
The way things are measured is very critical in statistics. Each method has different qualities and characteristics. The type of statistical analysis chosen depends on these characteristics.

Gordon, M., & Courtney, R. (2018). SPSS. In B. B. Frey (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (pp. 1577-1583). SAGE.
This resource presents an introduction to the basic commands available in SPSS. It presents the description of the different windows found in the software, as well as instructions to conduct basic analyses.

IBM SPSS. (2022). Tutorial. IBM.
IBM offers several tutorials that are very helpful in learning the functions of SPSS. These two sites off several different types of tutorials.

Ingram, P. B., & Ternes, M. S. (2018). Ordinal-level of measurement. In B. B. Frey (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (pp. 1185). SAGE.
This resource presents the definition and characteristics of ordinal-level measurements. In this resource, you will find the instances where it is appropriate to use this level of measurement.

integral CALC (Producer). (2018). Sampling and bias [Video file]. Films on Demand.

Integral CALC Statistics Tutorials.
There are over 40 titles in this tutorial series to explore as needed.

Kulas, J. T., Roji, R., & Smith, A. M. (2021). IBM SPSS essentials (2nd ed.). Wiley.
The textbook is an excellent text that goes over each basic concept related to statistics in addition to understanding SPSS software. Chapter 2 is especially helpful in navigating SPSS.

Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G. C., & Guarino, A. J. (2013). Entering data in IBM SPSS. In Performing data analysis using IBM SPSS (pp. 5-13). Wiley & Sons.
In these pages, you will find the instructions to enter the data in SPSS. The resource also presents with the two types of displays and their respective functions.

Prion, S. (2018). Nominal-level measurement. In B. B. Frey (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (pp. 1149). SAGE.
This resource presents the definition and characteristics of nominal level measurements. In this resource, you will find the instances where it is appropriate to use this level of measurement.

Staddon, J. E. (2018). Scientific method. In B. B. Frey (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (pp. 1473-1477). SAGE.
This chapter presents the relationship between the scientific method and how statistics are used to examine and analyze data to answer research questions. Moreover, these research questions are stated as hypotheses. These hypotheses include the null and the alternative hypothesis. Statistics test for the accuracy of the null hypothesis, which is the one that states that no differences exist between the groups or no relationship between the variables.

Sudweeks, R. R. (2018). Interval-level of measurement. In B. B. Frey (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (p. 871). SAGE.
This resource presents the definition and characteristics of interval-level measurements. In this resource, you will find the instances where it is appropriate to use this level of measurement.

IBM SPSS. (2022). Tutorial for beginners. IBM. IBM offers several tutorials that are very helpful in learning the functions of SPSS. These two sites off several different types of tutorials.

integral CALC (Producer). (2018). Sampling and bias [Video file]. Films on Demand.

Lloyd, C. (2021, July 25). Stats I Week 1 [Video]. Kaltura
This video presents a walkthrough of the Week 1 assignment, including an introduction to Levels of Measurement.

Mitra, A. (Ed.) (2022). Encyclopedia of research design. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071812082
Note 4/10/24: If the Link URL does not work try to open this book link https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-research-design-2e.

Look for the Institution login on the top right. Click on that and search for National University.

Spatz, C. (Ed.) (2022). Statistic. Encyclopedia of research design. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071812082
In these pages, you will find the definition of a statistic. It is important for you to understand the difference between a parameter and a statistic. The parameter is a characteristic of the population, while a statistic is a characteristic of a sample.
Note 4/10/24: If the Link URL does not work try to open this book link https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-research-design-2e.

Look for the Institution login on the top right. Click on that and search for National University.