SEM-7200 v2

Agnes, M. (2013, February 6). An excellent example of twitter use in atlanta school shooting. Melissa Agnes - Crisis Management Keynote Speaker.
This article demonstrates effective ways to use Twitter during a school shooting.

Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2020). National incident management system basic guidance for public information officers. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
This comprehensive guide lays out the job of a PIO during an emergency incident.

Jagodowski, S. (n.d.). Crisis communication planning for heads of schools. Blackbaud.
This article gives several important suggestions for handling communication during a crisis event.

Trump, K. S. (2012). The Post-Crisis crisis: Managing parent and media communications. School Administrator, 69(4), 39–42.
This article gives several suggestions to school administrators for managing crisis communications.

United States Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Cultural and linguistic competency in disaster preparedness and response fact sheet. Public Health Emergency.
This article discusses the importance of being culturally and linguistically during an emergency response.

Gentili, D., Bardin, A., Ros, E., Piovesan, C., Ramigni, M., Dalmanzio, M., Dettori, M., Filia, A., & Cinquetti, S. (2020). Impact of Communication Measures Implemented During a School Tuberculosis Outbreak on Risk Perception among Parents and School Staff, Italy, 2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3).
This article looks at the impact of communication during a school health crisis.

Xie, Z., Jayanth, A., Yadav, K., Ye, G., & Hong, L. (2021). Multi-faceted Classification for the Identification of Informative Communications during Crises: Case of COVID-19. 2021 IEEE 45th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), 2021 IEEE 45th, COMPSAC, 924–933.
This conference information looks at communications during COVID-19.

Alanezi, A. (2021). Using social networks in school crisis management: evidence from middle school principals in Kuwait. Education 3-13, 49(8), 935–944.
This article discusses the use of social media during crisis events.

Gentilucci, J. L. (2007). Managing Communication during a School Crisis: A Case Study. Journal of School Public Relations, 28(4), 318–330.
This article discusses ways to manage information being released during a school crisis.

Mazer, J. P., Thompson, B., Cherry, J., Russell, M., Payne, H. J., Gail Kirby, E., & Pfohl, W. (2015). Communication in the Face of a School Crisis: Examining the Volume and Content of Social Media Mentions During Active Shooter Incidents. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 238–248.
This research looks at the volume and content of information released during a school crisis.

Payne, H. J., Jerome, A. M., Thompson, B., & Mazer, J. P. (2018). Relationship building and message planning: An exploration of media challenges and strategies used during school crises at the P-12 level. PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW, 44(5), 820–828.
This article discusses the importance of relationship-building prior to a school crisis.

Kerr, S. E. M. (2019). Emergency Management and Communication Improvements: Changing the Landscape of School Safety. Pages 474- 493
This article discusses ways that focusing on communications are changing school safety.

Abbinante, V. M. (2017). Policy decisions and options-based responses to active shooters in public schools (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).
Reading pages 121-128, 173,178-180 from this dissertation research will bring clarity to the importance of teacher communications during a school crisis

Wukich, C. (2020). More Monitoring, Less Coordination: Twitter and Facebook Use between Emergency Management Agencies. Journal of Homeland Security & Emergency Management, 17(3), 1–29.
This article looks at the use of Twitter and Facebook as communication tools between emergency management agencies.

Hughes, A. L., & Shah, R. (2016). Designing an Application for Social Media Needs in Emergency Public Information Work. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Supporting Group Work, 399–408.
This conference material will discuss the planning aspects of social media messages in emergency management.

Hughes, A. L., & Palen, L. (2012). The Evolving Role of the Public Information Officer: An Examination of Social Media in Emergency Management. JOURNAL OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, 9(1).
This article from 2012 looks at ways that social media is changing the role of PIOs and is still relevant today.

Sheil, A., Violanti, M. T., & Slusarski, K. (2011). C. Communications of the IIMA, 11(4), 51.
This 2011 article examines the attitudes and experiences of public information officers when it comes to social media. These attitudes and experiences are still relevant today.