SEM-7300 v2

Groenendaal, J., Helsloot, I., & Scholtens, A. (2013). A critical examination of the assumptions regarding centralized coordination in large-scale emergency situations. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 10(1), 113-135.
This article was chosen to provide a contrasting view of various emergency response management models. Researchers explore leadership models that focus on the “command and control” versus “coordination and collaboration” models from the perspective of resource management. This article provides an in-depth review on centralized and decentralized structures, along with potential strategies that have been proven effective when using the various model’s emergency situations.

Jung, K., & Song, M. (2015). Linking emergency management networks to disaster resilience: Bonding and bridging strategy in hierarchical or horizontal collaboration networks. Quality & Quantity, 49(4), 1465-1483.
This article was chosen to highlight ongoing investigations on various network strategies within hierarchical and horizontal collaboration structures. Researchers extensively review the collaborative structures among responding agents to better understand how hierarchical and horizontal emergency management networks function during times of uncertainty. This article sheds light on the importance of using hierarchical and horizontal response structures, depending upon the situation and circumstances of a particular incident.

Kapucu, N., & Garayev, V. (2016). Structure and network performance: Horizontal and vertical networks in emergency management. Administration & Society, 48(8), 931-961.
This article was chosen as it provides a clear rationale for the usage of response networks during critical incidents. Researchers explore the usage of horizontal and vertical networks, examining how such networks may be most effectively used during response processes. This article provides insight into disaster operations, underscoring the importance of collaboration between networks and their actors.

Kapucu, N., & Hu, Q. (2016). Understanding multiplexity of collaborative emergency management networks. The American Review of Public Administration, 46(4), 399-417.
This article was chosen as it explores the multitude of critical relationships that exist among organizations within the context of emergency management. Researchers examining horizontal and hierarchal networks that exist before disasters to better predict which networks will be sustainable collaborative disaster response networks in the future. This article is important is horizontal networks that are established and sustained prior to a critical incident often become networks of influence that control collaborations during disaster response.

Kapucu, N., Arslan, T., & Collins, M. L. (2010). Examining intergovernmental and interorganizational response to catastrophic disasters: Toward a network-centered approach. Administration & Society, 42(2), 222-247.
This article was chosen as it provides insight into hierarchal and horizontal networks that were used during a large-scale emergency. Researchers explore how horizontal and hierarchical response networks thrive moreover are diminished during times of uncertainty. This are article is important in providing insight into what capacity must first be present to ensure successful responses are held in the future.

Nowell, B., Steelman, T., Velez, A. L. K., & Yang, Z. (2018). The structure of effective governance of disaster response networks: Insights from the field. The American Review of Public Administration, 48(7), 699-715.
This article was chosen to highlight a significant debate that exists within the field of Safety, Security, and Emergency management regarding hierarchal and horizontal organizational structures during emergency operations. Researchers provide a platform for the exploration of the challenges that exist when using centralized and non-centralized coordination structures. This article is important as it attempts to reconcile the ongoing need for centralized coordination among varied responding actors.