Chapter 6: Longitudinal models Luke, D. (2020). Chapter 6 Longitudinal models. Multilevel modeling: Second Edition (pp. 79-93). SAGE Publications, Inc.
This chapter focuses on longitudinal models, which are examples of random coefficient models. When we consider multilevel models, it is not unusual to think first of individual objects nested within a physical or social context, such as persons in neighborhoods or clinics in hospitals. However, mixed-effects models can be applied to multiple observations nested within a single object. In particular, mixed-effects models can be applied to longitudinal data where the primary interest is in modeling the structure and predictors of change over time.