HSE620

Abbasi, A. & Kapucu, N. (2012) Structural Dynamics of Organizations during the Evolution of Interorganizational Networks in Disaster Response, Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management 9, no. 1 (2012): 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1515/1547-7355.1975
The study by Abbasi and Kapucu (2012) analyzes the evolution of interorganizational response networks during disasters. It investigates organizational positions and role changes over time, emphasizing the need for dynamic network analysis to improve coordination during emergencies.

Bell, M. (2024, May 2) Arctic in Focus at MRS '24. Retrieved from https://www.marinelink.com/news/arctic-focus-mrs-513396
At the Maritime Risk Symposium 2024, RADM Matt Bell, USCG (Ret.), facilitated a panel on Multi-Service and Maritime Industry Collaboration in the Arctic. The discussion explores how changing dynamics in the Arctic region necessitate increased collaboration between maritime services and industry to mitigate risks in Arctic maritime operations.

BBC (2022, April 20) Who owns the Arctic and should they drill for oil and gas? Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-61222653
This article highlights that the Arctic Circle may contain 160 billion barrels of oil and 30% of the planet’s undiscovered natural gas. States with territory and territorial waters within the Arctic Circle include Norway, Russia, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, the US, Canada, and Denmark (which owns Greenland).

Department of Homeland Security (2023, April 27) Fact Sheet: U.S. Government Announces Sweeping New Actions to Manage Regional Migration.
Skim this article. This April 2023 release from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced sweeping new measures to further reduce unlawful migration across the Western Hemisphere, significantly expand lawful pathways for protection, and facilitate the safe, orderly, and humane processing of migrants.

Davenport, A. C. (2020). Lessons from Maritime Narcotics Interdiction: Interdiction in the Maritime source, transit, and arrival zones of the Western Hemisphere. Maritime Security: Counter-Terrorism Lessons From Maritime Piracy and Narcotics Interdiction, pp. 3- 28. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/external_publications/EP60000/EP68327/RAND_EP68327.pdf
In the article “ Lessons from Maritime Narcotics Interdiction: Interdiction in the Maritime Source, Transit, and Arrival Zones of the Western Hemisphere” retired USCG Captain Aaron Davenport explored valuable maritime security lessons from counter-narcotics operations. These insights can inform counter-terrorism best practices, emphasizing the importance of domestic and international partnerships, information sharing, and end-to-end mission management underscoring the global nature of maritime homeland security operations.

Department of Homeland Security (2023, May 10) Fact Sheet: Department of State and Department of Homeland Security Announce Additional Sweeping Measures to Humanely Manage Border through Deterrence, Enforcement, and Diplomacy. Retrieved from https://www.dhs.gov/news/2023/05/10/fact-sheet-additional-sweeping-measures-humanely-manage-border
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of State unveiled additional measures to manage the border humanely. These actions build upon earlier efforts to address unlawful migration through deterrence, enforcement, and diplomacy. Notably, they include opening regional processing centers to guide migrants toward lawful pathways early in their journey. The plan strengthen border security while ensuring a safe and orderly process for migrants.

Department of Homeland Security (2024) Fact Sheet: DHS International Cybersecurity Efforts Retrieved from https://www.dhs.gov/news/2022/04/21/fact-sheet-dhs-international-cybersecurity-efforts
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) plays a crucial role in enhancing global cybersecurity efforts. Their international strategy focuses on operational cooperation, capacity building, stakeholder engagement, and shaping global policy to strengthen cyber and infrastructure security. Through attachés in over 60 locations, DHS engages with host governments and embassy staff, contributing to responsible state behavior in cyberspace.

Department of Homeland Security (2024) Secure U.S. Borders and Manage Safe, Orderly, and Humane Immigration Processes.
This DHS website offers updates on the department's on-going international border security engagements.

FactCheck.org (2024, Feb 27) Breaking Down the Immigration Figures. Retrieved from https://www.factcheck.org/2024/02/breaking-down-the-immigration-figures/
This reference highlights that Government statistics show that in the initial processing of millions of encounters, 2.5 million people have been released into the U.S. and 2.8 million have been removed or expelled.

Fidler, D. (2021, March 11) America's Place in Cyberspace: The Biden Administration’s Cyber Strategy Takes Shape.
The current administration released their cyber strategy. There are international and global connections throughout the document.

ICS: How the maritime industry tries to tackle drug smuggling. (2024, February 12). SAFETY4SEA. https://safety4sea.com/ics-how-the-maritime-industry-tries-to-tackle-drug-smuggling/
This reference spotlights that the maritime industry faces an increasing challenge in combating drug smuggling onboard. Traffickers use innovative methods, such as hacking customs systems, to evade detection at ports. Cooperation across law enforcement, border control, and the private sector is crucial. Initiatives like Operation TIN CAN have led to arrests and drug seizures, but the issue remains complex. Considered the leading industry publication on this topic, the sixth edition of guidelines provides advice on protecting ships and crews from drug trafficking.

Irwin, L. (2024, April 18) Chinese hackers preparing to attack critical US infrastructure: FBI. TheHill.com. Retrieved from https://thehill.com/policy/international/4603954-chinese-hackers-preparing-to-attack-critical-us-infrastructure-fbi/
Chinese government-linked hackers have infiltrated U.S. critical infrastructure, poised for a potentially devastating strike. FBI Director Christopher Wray warns that China aims to disrupt civilian systems, although the intent remains unclear. The hacking campaign, known as Volt Typhoon, targets sectors like telecommunications, energy, and water, with 23 pipeline operators affected.

Office of the National Cyber Director. (2023, March 2) The National Cybersecurity Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/oncd/national-cybersecurity-strategy/
The National Cybersecurity Strategy, released by the Biden-Harris Administration on March 2, 2023, aims to secure a safe digital ecosystem for all Americans. It emphasizes collaboration between public and private sectors, reallocating cybersecurity responsibilities, and incentivizing long-term investments.

O’Rourke, A. (2024). Terrorism investigations on campus and the new McCarthyism. Dissent, 70(4), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.1353/dss.2024.a918677
Federal law enforcement faces pressure to launch terrorism investigations into pro-Palestinian protesters on college campuses based solely on their public statements. The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and the Brandeis Center have urged universities to investigate Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) under a federal statute that criminalizes providing “material support or resources to a foreign terrorist organization.” However, critics argue that this suppresses constitutionally protected speech.

Nixon, R (2017, Dec 21). Homeland Security Goes Abroad. Not Everyone Is Grateful. New York Times, retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/26/world/ americas/homeland-security-customs-border-patrol.html
In “Homeland Security Goes Abroad: The Global Collision of Privacy & Anti-Terrorism Laws”, Nixon examines the intersection of privacy and anti-terrorism laws in a global context. The article highlights challenges faced by homeland security agencies when operating internationally. Additionally, a Reddit post discusses mixed reactions to such efforts.

Norden, L. & Panditharatne, M. (2024, Feb 20) Multiple Threats Converge to Heighten Disinformation Risks to 2024 Elections. Retrieved from https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/multiple-threats-converge-heighten-disinformation-risks-2024-elections
The spread of false election information poses a significant threat. Factors exacerbating this issue in 2024 include right-wing attacks deterring institutions, coordinated domestic efforts undermining confidence, reduced social media content moderation, geopolitical crises attracting foreign interference, and AI advancements enabling voter suppression and misinformation.

U.S. Northern Command (2024) DoD Support To Border Security. Retrieved from https://www.northcom.mil/BorderSecurity/
U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) assisted the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in securing the border. Up to 2,500 National Guard service members provide mission-enhancing support, including detection and monitoring, logistics, and transportation. Their role is to impede illegal crossings and enhance CBP’s overall border security mission.

Williams, I., Gravelle, T. B., & Klar, S. (2022). The Competing Influence of Policy Content and Political Cues: Cross-Border Evidence from the United States and Canada. The American Political Science Review, 116(4), 1375-1388. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055422000351
When evaluating policies, individuals consider both the policy’s content and its endorsers. In their study, Williams, Gravelle, and Klar investigate how these competing factors guide preferences. They find that ideological positions influence policy evaluations, and knowledge of a neighboring leader’s endorsement can shift views across an international border.

World Shipping Council. (n.d.). Combating drug trafficking: How shipping lines can become Customs Partners. WCO News. https://mag.wcoomd.org/magazine/wco-news-103/combating-drug-trafficking-how-shipping-lines-can-become-customs-partners/
Over the past two years, the World Shipping Council (WSC) and its carrier members have strengthened their partnership with Customs, law enforcement, and supply chain partners worldwide to combat drug trafficking. By sharing information and establishing communication channels, they enhance efforts to prevent illicit goods from moving via maritime cargo and vessels.

(audio) World Economic Forum ( 2024, Jan 2 ) The US has announced its National Cybersecurity Strategy: Here’s what you need to know. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/03/us-national-cybersecurity-strategy/
This podcast highlighted the National Security Strategy which has as one of its core focus protecting critical infrastructure, including hospitals and clean energy facilities, from cyberthreats.

U.S. State Department (2024, April 24) Interagency U.S. Migration Policy Overview. Retrieved from https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/migration-policy-overview

Osborn, P. (2017, Oct 17) Cyber Border Security - Defining and Defending a National Cyber Border, Homeland Security Affairs 13, (October 2017), https://www. Hsaj.org/articles/14093  

Tingstad, A. (2023, Dec 19) The US Is Taking an Important, but Imperfect Step in Initiating Extended Continental Shelf Claims – What Are the Implications for the Arctic? Retrieved from https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/us-taking-important-imperfect-step-initiating-extended-continental-shelf-claims-what-are

Atlantic Council (2021, Jan 25) After the insurrection: The future of the domestic terrorism threat. Video
The United States successfully overcame previous peaks of domestic terrorism in the 1970s, the 1920s, and the 1870s. As law enforcement comes to understand more about the January 6 mob attack on the US Capitol, signs point to a continued threat in the social media-driven, politically divided United States of the 2020’s from groups calling for acts of violence against federal and state government decisions with which those violent extremists disagree. This video looks at this issue.

CBS News (2023, May15) What is Title 8, and what has changed along the U.S.-Mexico border after Title 42's expiration?
This article highlighted that the expiration of the Title 42 pandemic emergency rules along the U.S.-Mexico border on May 11 means that all migrants and asylum-seekers who reach American soil need to be processed under Title 8, a set of complex and decades-old immigration laws. Unlike Title 42, Title 8 allows for initial asylum interviews, but the Biden administration has made it more difficult for migrants to qualify for asylum and easier for the government to deport them.

Cooper, E. (2024, April 17) MRS '24 - Panel 5: Identifying Risk, Measuring Success in the "Gray Zone".
The 2024 Maritime Risk Symposium was held at the Naval Postgraduate School. Panel 5, of this event focused on understanding maritime risk amidst gray zone conflict. The panel investigated how to identify and categorize gray zone activities, considering their risk and impact. Participants discussed responses using national power and international cooperation. Homeland Security engagement is part of this issue.