Beyond Community Policing: From Early American Beginnings to the 21st CenturyChriss, J. J. (2010). Beyond community policing: From early American beginnings to the 21st century. Taylor & Francis Group.
Read Chapters 1 and 2.
The chapters in this book discuss the three eras of policing: 1. Political spoils era, 2. Reform and early professionalization, and 3. Community-oriented policing or problem-oriented policing. In the political spoils era of policing the police were controlled by the city government as well as politicians who wielded considerable influence, not only on how police were to be used, but who would be chosen as police officers. The reform and early professionalization era was dedicated to correcting some of the problems associated with the political spoils era of policing such as graft, corruption, and brutality. Community-oriented policing emerged out of the social transitions of the 1960s.
