CJA670 v2

Curtiss, S. L., & Kammes, R. (2020). Understanding the risk of sexual abuse for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities from an ecological framework. Journal of Policy & Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 17(1), 13–20.
Curtiss and Kammes (2020) state that individuals with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk for victimization; however, much of the research has focused on prevalence rates and individual-level risk factors. They suggest an ecological framework for understanding the victimization rates among those with intellectual disabilities to assist in prevention efforts targeting this population.

Dong, B., Morrison, C. N., Branas, C. C., Richmond, T. S., & Wiebe, D. J. (2020). As violence unfolds: A space–time study of situational triggers of violent victimization among urban youth. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 36(1), 119–152.
In their study, Dong et al. (2020) provide important research insights into situational opportunity theories of crime. Specifically, they explore how violent victimization among urban youth may be impacted by their environment and participation in risky activities. They also analyze whether the environment and engaging in risky activities interact with the time of day to either increase or reduce the likelihood of violent victimization.

Hruska, J. (2018, May 3). ‘Victims’ rights’ proposals like Marsy’s Law undermine due process. American Civil Liberties Union.
In this online commentary, Hruska (2018) argues that constitutional amendments guaranteeing victims’ rights at the federal or state level are unnecessary and infringe upon the rights of defendants.

O, S., & Wilcox, P. (2018). Routine activity theory, target congruence, and school context: A multilevel analysis of teacher victimization. Victims & Offenders, 13(3), 349–372.
O and Wilcox (2018) study the application of opportunity theories, including routine activity theory, in understanding victimization among middle-school teachers. They analyzed data to identify the individual and environmental level factors that increase the likelihood of victimization. They suggest that opportunity theories of crime and victimization can explain victimization among school teachers.

Turanovic, J. J., Pratt, T. C., & Piquero, A. R. (2018). Structural constraints, risky lifestyles, and repeat victimization. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 34(1), 251–274.
Both theory and research suggest that lifestyle factors, including engaging in risky activities, increase the likelihood of victimization. There is also evidence that the environment impacts the risk of victimization, yet theory and research have not focused on how the environment may influence risky activities. Turanovic et al. (2018) fill the gap in current understandings of victimization by exploring how environments may restrict the ability to change risky behavior.

California Victims Resource Center. (2020). Marsy’s Law: Automatic rights [Video file].
This website has several videos by the California Victims Resource Center. This 5-minute video details the victims’ rights that automatically apply to victims in California.

California Victims Resource Center. (2020). Marsy’s Law: Requested rights [Video file].
This 3-minute video outlines the victims’ rights that need to be requested by victims before they are applied in California.

Office for Victims of Crimes. (2020). What is the office for victims of crime? [Video file]. Office for Victims of Crimes.
This 4-minute video includes brief victim testimonies as well as victims’ services funded through the Office for Victims of Crimes.

U.S. Department of Justice. (n.d.). Office for Victims of Crimes.
The Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), under the auspices of the Office of Justice Programs at the U.S. Department of Justice, provides resources for assisting crime victims and creating effective victim policy and practice.

U.S. Department of Justice. (2016, July 22). Crime Victims’ Rights Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3771 (2016).
The Crime Victims’ Rights Act (CVRA) was passed in 2016 and provides rights to victims of federal crimes.

National Center for Victims of Crimes. (n.d.).
The National Center for Victims of Crimes (NCVR) provides advocacy, professional training, and educational materials on victims’ issues within the United States.

U.S. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Statistics.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics provides helpful data and publications based on different types of violence victimization. You may use this site to find scholarly sources for inclusion in your assignments in this course.

Gopalan, R. T. (2022). Victimology: A comprehensive approach to forensic, psychosocial and legal perspectives. Springer.
See pages 6 – 9 of chapter one to review common theories of victimization. See pages 363 – 366 in chapter 16. You are also encouraged to use chapters in this book that focus on a specific violent victimization type to assist you in assignments.

Legal Assistance for Seniors. (2021). Victims’ rights in the criminal justice system – Marsy’s Law [Video file]. YouTube.
View this video clip from minute 8:52 to minute 48.22. In the video, Miriam El-menshawi, Director of the Victims Legal Resource Center at the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, discusses the history of Marsy’s Law in California. She outlines the 17 victims’ rights that were established by Marsy’s Law in 2008.