Essay: In Search of the Secret Handshakes of IDWagner, E. (2011). Essay: In search of the secret handshakes of ID. <>Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 1(1), 33-37.
In the inaugural issue of this journal, Ellen Wagner reviews the historical ways in which ID has been defined, including four lenses in which to consider ID - as a process, discipline, science, and reality. Exploring each lens will support your understanding of the many ways to understand instructional design.