AI Models (ChatGPT)
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
*Additional information is available on the How to Cite ChatGPT page of the APA Style Blog.
Audiovisual Material
Interview Recording
de Beauvoir, S. (1960, May 4). Simone de Beauvoir discusses the art of writing [Interview]. Studs Terkel Radio Archive; The Chicago History Museum. https://studsterkel.wfmt.com/programs/simone-de-beauvoir-discusses-art-writing
Movie, Film, or Video
Newman, C. F. (Guest Expert), & Arpana, G. I. (Host). (2016). Cognitive–behavioral therapy supervision [Film; educational DVD]. American Psychological Association. https://www-apa-org/pubs/videos/4310957.aspx
Photograph
McCurry, S. (1985). Afghan girl [Photograph]. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national-geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun-714.jpg
Podcast
Schreiber, D., Harkin, J., Murray, A. H., & Ptaszynski, A. (Hosts). (2014–present). No such thing as a fish [Audio podcast]. Quite Interesting. https://www.nosuchthingasafish.com/
YouTube Video and Other Streaming Videos
Pinkfong. (2016, June 17). Baby shark dance | sing and dance! | animals songs | Pinkfong songs for children [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqZsoesa55w
American Psychological Association. (2015, September 14). Babies are teachers, too [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8wKsJWwaSc
Books
Authored Book Without DOI (print version or full text accessed via a research database)
Dery, M. (2018). Born to be posthumous: The eccentric life and mysterious genius of Edward Gorey. Little, Brown and Company.
Authored Book with DOI
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
One Volume of a Multivolume Work
Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., & Lindzey, G. (2010). Handbook of social psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470561119
Book Chapter
Chapter in an Edited Book With DOI
Giussani, D. A. (2006). Prenatal hypoxia: Relevance to developmental origins of health and disease. In P. Gluckman & M. Hanson (Eds.), Developmental origins of health and disease (pp. 178–190). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544699.013
Work in an Anthology
Gaitskill, M. (2008). The girl on the plane. In J. C. Oates & C. R. Beha (Eds.), The Ecco anthology of contemporary American short fiction (pp. 325–342). Ecco. (Original work published 1997).
Conference Presentation
Paper Presentation or Poster Session
Wimberley, T., & Stasio, M. (2012, February). Perfectionism: Relationships among personal standards, evaluative concerns and automatic thoughts [Paper presentation]. Southeastern Psychological Association 58th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, United States. http://www.sepaonline.com/conference/2012/2012_annual-meeting-schedule.pdf
Symposium Contribution
De Boer, D., & LaFavor, T. (2018, April 26–29). The art and significance of successfully identifying resilient individuals: A person-focused approach. In A. M. Schmidt & A. Kryvanos (Chairs), Perspectives on resilience: Conceptualization, measurement, and enhancement [Symposium]. Western Psychological Association 98th Annual Convention, Portland, OR, United States.
Course or Supplemental Material
Authored Material in a Classroom Course Pack
MacGyver, A. (2014). Five steps to repelling an attack by killer bees. In R. D. Anderson (Ed.), Selected readings in survival, escape, and evasion (pp. 31–34). St. Ambrose University.
Lecture Notes
Palmer, W. (2019, November 20). Lecture 5: Training variations and considerations [Lecture notes]. Department of Business Administration, Morgan State University. https://www.morgan.edu/palmerw/spring2018/ba1.html
PowerPoint Slides
Neghina, C. (2009, July 5). Advertising psychology [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/preciousssa/advertising-psychology-1684533
Data Set
D’Souza, A., & Wiseheart, M. (2018). Cognitive effects of music and dance training in children (ICPSR 37080; Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR37080.v1
Dissertations
Dissertation from a Database
Holderle, D. A. (2018). Exploring archetypal reality in the experience of hallucinations across cultures (Publication No. 10837529) [Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute]. PQDT Open.
Gray Literature
Brochure
California Board of Psychology. (2005). For your peace of mind: A consumer guide to psychological services [Brochure]. https://www.psychology.ca.gov/forms_pubs/consumer_guide.pdf
Code of Ethics
American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www-apa-org/ethics/code/index.aspx
American Nurses Association. (2015). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. https://www.nursingworld.org/coe-view-only
Policy Brief
Harwell, M. (2018). Don’t expect too much: The limited usefulness of common SES measures and a prescription for change [Policy brief]. National Education Policy Center. https://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/SES
Journal Articles
Journal Article With DOI
Ambrose, A. F., Paul, G., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2013). Risk factors for falls among older adults: A review of the literature. Maturitas, 75(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.009
Journal Article Without DOI (accessed in an academic research database)
Alexander, A. (1985). The great escape: Soap opera viewing by college students. College Student Journal, 19(2), 141–143.
Gill, C. S., Barrio Minton, C. A., & Myers, J. E. (2010). Spirituality and religiosity: Factors affecting wellness among low-income, rural women. Journal of Counseling & Development, 88(3), 293–302.
Journal Article Without DOI (accessed on a website, with a nondatabase URL)
Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1), 17–39. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31
Legal References - APA
Federal Regulation, Codified
Protection of Human Subjects, 45 C.F.R. § 46 (2009). https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/sites/default/files/ohrp/policy/ohrpregulations.pdf
Federal Statute, Codified in the United States Code
Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq. (1990). https://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.htm
Every Student Succeeds Act, 20 U.S.C. § 6301 (2015). https://www.congress.gov/114/plaws/publ95/PLAW-114publ95.pdf
MOOC
Childs, P. (n.d.). Creative thinking: Techniques and tools for success [MOOC]. Coursera. https://www.coursera.org/learn/creative-thinking-techniques-and-tools-for-success
Tangen, J. (2016). Episode 2: I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before [MOOC lecture]. In E. MacKenzie, J. Tangen, & M. Thompson, The science of everyday thinking. edX. https://www.edx.org/course/the-science-of-everyday-thinking
OER
Burkins, J. M., & Yates, K. (2021). Rethinking how reading comprehension begins: Overlooking the role of listening comprehension in reading comprehension. OER Commons. Retrieved June 7, 2024, from https://oercommons.s3.amazonaws.com/media/courseware/relatedresource/file/Shift_1-Emergent_Literacy_1_uHs8Xco.pdf
Reference Work
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349
Entry in an Online Dictionary, Unarchived Link
American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Positive transference. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved August 31, 2019, from https://dictionary-apa-org/positivetransference
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Self-report. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/self-report
Report
Annual Report
American Psychological Association. (2013). 2012 annual report of the American Psychological Association. https://www-apa.org/pubs/info/reports/2012-report.pdf
Report by a Government Agency
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 02-2650). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www-nhlbi-nih-gov/files/docs/resources/lung/asth_sch.pdf
Software
Computer Software
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2014). Comprehensive metaanalysis (Version 3.3.070) [Computer software]. Biostat. https://www.meta-analysis.com/
Tests, Scales, and Inventories
Database Record for a Test
Cardoza, D., Morris, J. K., Myers, H. F., & Rodriguez, N. (2000). Acculturative Stress Inventory (ASI) (TC022704) [Database record]. ETS TestLink.
Test, Scale, or Inventory, Individual Authors
Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., & Heatherington, L. (2002). SOFTA-o. SOFTA. http://softa-soatif.com/instrumentos-2-2
Website
Webpage on a News Website
Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e
Webpage on a Website, Retrieval Date Included in the Reference
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved November 13, 2019, from https://www.census.gov/popclock/
Webpage, Group Author, Dated and Undated
ACT Raising Safe Kids Program. (n.d.). About the ACT raising safe kids program. American Psychological Association. https://www-apa-org/act/about/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). Flu vaccines work. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm
Webpage, Individual Author, Dated
Hall-Flavin, D. K. (2016). What is passive-aggressive behavior? What are some of the signs? Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/passive-aggressive-behavior/faq-20057901
O'Hara, D. (2019, November 14). Study of human intelligence at center of Michael Gardner’s career. American Psychological Association. https://www-apa-org/members/content/gardner-human-intelligence
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